Shank pouring pot



June 5,- 1951 H. WALLIS 2,556,125

SHANK POURING POT Filed July 22, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR HAROLDWALLIS AT T N EY June 5, 1951 w s 2,556,125

SHANK POURING POT Filed July 22, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR BYHAROLD WALLIS ATTORNEY Patented June 5, 1951 Harold Wallis, Oakmont, Paassignor to American Steel Foundries, Chicago, Ill.,- a corporation ofNew Jersey Application July 22, 1947,"Serial No. 762,551

1 Claim. 1

My invention relates toimprovements in the art of manufacturing metalfounding ladies or shank pouring pots.

Heretofore in foundry practice it has been customary to utilize what arecommonly known as round pots, the designation characterizing the pot asbeingcylindrical, conical or spherical in shape.

In preparing such pets for founding metals, such as steel, it is commonpractice to linethe pot with refractory material such as ganister liningor fire clay, thisliningprocess being generally performed by the userWho hand-rams the lining into the pot while the lining is in wet andplastic state, the operation usually taking aboutan hour to complete.

The lining is then hardened and dried by heating the pot for about threeor four hours; it being understood that if the pot were filled with hotmetal while the lining was still wet, the heat would glaze the exposedsurface of the lining and thereby trap the moisture between the metalwall of the pot and said exposed surface of theilining. Furthermore, theheat of themolt'en'metalwould change the moisture into steam withsufficient pressure to cause disruption of the lining and distortion orrupture of the metal wall of the pot. Another reason, for drying thelining is to prevent metallurgical difiiculties with the molten metal.

Obviously, this process isnot only time-consuming but is also costly andnecessitates the use of numerous pots if the casting operation iscontinuous.

Another disadvantage to the use of round pots is that in pouring metalfrom such a pot into molds during the casting operation, the metalissuing from the pot runs in a flat stream which chills the metal andresults in misruns.

After the pot has been in use for some time, the lining burns out,requiring removal of the old lining and relining the pot. The removal ofthe old lining is oftencomplicated by the presence of skull metal whichforms a hard crust on the exposed surface ofthe old lining and preventsit from falling out of the pot upon hammering the metal shell or wallsofthe pot, as a consequence of which the skull metal and old lining mustbe dug out, a long and tedious process. In removing the old lining, theshell is subjected to much battering, thus materially reducing the lifeof the shell.

, The primary object of this invention is to provide a novel method andmeans for lining a foundry pot with slabs of predried preformedrefractory material to reduce thetimerequiredfor lin- 2 ing the" pot,for drying it, and for preheating it preparatory to its use.

Another object of the invention is to devise a square pot preferably inthe form of an inverted truncated pyramid wherein the sides of the potare arranged to define a plurality of sharp corners forming alternatelyusable pouring lips for directing molten metal from the pot into the.molds in a thick stream, whereby rapid chilling of the metal during suchpouring operation is prevented.

A further object of the invention is to devise a pot of such form thatit may be easily lined interiorly thereof with preformed slabs ofdryrefractory material and wherein the slabs lining the sides of the potmaybe arranged in overlapping relation and interlocked with each otherto keep each other in place against the sides of the pot.

One modification of the invention comprehends' the provision of a squaresplit pot wherein the shell is made in two separable pieces parted atdiagonally opposite corners, the pieces being secu'red when in use bybolts and keys, this improvement being valuable in reducing the timerequired to remove an old lining and in preventing abuse of the shellwith consequent lengthening of-its' life.

In the one modification or the invention, a preformed brick sleeve orspout is provided, the sleeve being fixed to one of the corners of thepot by cementing it in place to the brick lining of the pot;

A still further object of the invention is to devise a shank pouring potwhich is of simple, convenient form, is inexpensive to manufacture, andis particularly Well suited for the purpose-intended.

These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from thespecification and the drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a top plan view illustrating one form of pot constructed'inaccordance with my invention.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the structure shown in'Figure l. V

Figure 31s a sectional view of the same, taken in the planesubstantially as indicated by line 3--3' of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a: plan view of a lid for the pot shown in Figures 1 to 3.

Figure 5 is a side elevationof the lid, the View being taken from theright of the structure'shown in Figure 4.

Figure 6' is a view illustrating the application of the lid to thepotythe' pot'-being' fragmefltarily shown in phantom lines.

Figure 7 is a side elevation of one of the preformed bricks used inlining the sides of the pot.

Figure 8 is a plan View of another type of pot made in accordance withthe invention; and

Figure 9 is a sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 8, theview being taken in the plane substantially as indicated by line 9-9 ofFigure 8.

Describing the invention in detail and referring first to themodification illustrated in Figures 1 to '7, the pot or ladle 2 isgenerally in the form of an inverted truncated pyramid and, comprises anouter metallic shell made up of two substantially identical V-shapedabutting separable halves or sections 4, 4 parted at diagonally oppositecorners of the pot as at 8, 8.

Each section comprises a pair of angularly related side webs 8, 8sloping inwardly, downwardly, and joined at one edge to each other. Thewebs are formed at their lower edges with inturned flanges I8, [8 andare provided at the edges opposite those which are joined with outwardlyextending flanges l2, I2.

' The two halves of the outer shell are detachably connected to eachother by bolts l4 and keys IS, the bolts being square and projectingthrough complementary aligned openings I8, I8 in the abutting matingflanges [2, I2.

- A square metallic plate 28 is removably fitted into the shell and isseated against the inner surfaces of the flanges l8, Ill. The plate 28forms the bottom or base of the pot and the webs 8, 8 form the sides ofthe pot and it wilLbe observed that the webs are so related that theyform four sharp corners of the pyramidal pot.

. Each section 4 is provided With a trunnion 22 formed integrally withthe side webs 8, 8 thereof at the apex of the juncture of said side websintermediate the top and bottom edges thereof, said trunnions intheassembled position of said sections extending in opposite directionsfrom the diagonally opposite corners of the pot and affording the usualconnection for means (not shown) for suspending and transporting the potfrom a tram rail; as will be readily understood by those skilled in theart. The trunnions, although shown as being integral with the side webs,may be connected to the side webs in any convenient manner, as will bereadily understood by those skilled in the art.

Each trunnion has a socket 24 adapted for connection with a bailinglever (not shown) of usual construction for tilting the pot on saidtrunnions.

The pot thus far described is lined on the interior surfaces thereofwith a relatively thin layer of a plastic refractory material 28, suchas fire clay or cement, the refractory material sealbricks. The bricklining, as may be seen in the drawings, includes a square brick bottom38 and aplurality of identical trapezoidal-shaped side bricks 28, 28,one of which is shown in Figure 7;

said side bricks 28, 28 lining the sides of the pot and'said bottombrick being seated on the refraotory material 26 on the bottom plate 28of the pot. The bottom brick supports the side bricks 28, 28 whichareseated at their bottom edges on the bottom brick adjacent themarginal edges thereof. The side bricks 28, 28 protrude above the sidewebs 8, 8 of the shell and the space between the upper edges of thebricks 28, 28 and the top edges of. the side webs 8, 8 is filled in withthe refractorymaterial 26 as at 32, thus affording protection for thesides of the pot when molten metal is being poured therefrom.

The slabs 28, 28 are embedded in the material 28 lining the side webs 8,8 and abut each other at their ends and are interlocked with each otherin the pot in such manner as to keep each other from falling out ofplace, that is, each slab 28 "bears at one end against the inner orexposed side of an adjacent slab as at 34 and at the other end overlapsthe end of the other adjacent slab as at 36 (Figure 1). After the bricklining has been fitted into place, all corners where the bricks meet aresealed With the material 28 to prevent seepage of metal between saidbricks.

At one corner of the pot where the two sections of'the outershellare-joined is positioned a spout or cylindrical sleeve 38 which isalso made of refractory material. The spout extends from the top to thebottom of the pot and is cut away at the lower end thereof as at 48,defining a passage communicating with the interior of the pot and apassage 42 through the spout, the spout serving to drain the metal oifthe bottom of the pot,

as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.

The spout is 'held in place by refractory'plastic material 44, such asfire clay, molded around a portion of the spout and bonded to theadjacent side brick slabs 28, 28, said spout being additionally held inplace by bonding the bottom of the spout to the bottom brick slab by aplastic refractory material as at 48 (Figure 3).

To prepare the pot thus far described for founding molten metals, thepot is heated to dry the plastic refractory material and to bring thebrick slabs up to required temperature. In this connection the side webs8 may be perforated at spaced points as at 48, 48 (Figure 2) tofacilitate the drying of the plastic refractory material 28,

- and it will be appreciated that in drying, the

plastic material forms a firm bond between the brick slabs and the outershell of the pot. The drying process takes only a relatively short timeto complete since only the thin layer of material 28 needs be dried, itbeing understood that the brick slabs are dry at time of assembly.

The pot is provided with a substantially square lid 58, the lid beingreinforced by a plurality of spaced rods 52, 52 welded to a dependingskirt 54 formed around the marginal edges of said lid, the skirt beingadapted to seat on the top edge of'the pot. One of the corners of thelid 58 is cut off as at 56 to afford clearance for the spout.

At one corner of the lid adjacent the cut-off portion thereof issecured, as by welding, a deportion of the web 52 is welded a dependingrod I0, the rod 18 being adapted to engage the adjacent side web 8 ofthe outer shell to prevent the lid from shifting when the pot is tiltedin pouring. 7

The disassembly of the pot 2 for relining is relatiVeIy simpIe. The keysand-- bolts connecting the two sections of the outer shell are removed.The two sections of the shell are pulled apart, thus dropping the bottomplate. Any refractory material adhering to the sides of the two sectionsis loosened by tapping the side webs 8, 8. After removal of the oldlining, to assemble this pot the'two sections are secured to each other.The bottom plate is seated on the flanges I0, I0. The interior of thepot is lined with a coating of the plastic refractory material 28, whichis manually applied while in a plastic condition and is formed roughlyin the shape shown best in Figure 3. The bottom brick slab is seated atthe bottom ofthe pot, care being taken to center the bottom slab so thatthere is a filling of the material 26 between the marginal edges of thebottom slab and the interior surfaces of the side webs 0, 8. Each slab28 is separately inserted into the pot and arranged in the positionsshown. The space between the top edge of the plot and the upper edge ofthe slabs 28 is filled in with the refractory material 26 and all spacesbetween the bricks are sealed with the material 26. The tile spout isthen cemented to one of the before mentioned corners of the pot, and thepot is heated to dry the material 26 and heat the brick slabs. Thiscompletes the preparation of the pot and places it in condition forimmediate use.

Referring now to Figures 8 and 9 illustrating another modification ofthe invention, the shank pouring pot or ladle I is in general of thesame pyramidal form as that shown in the first-described modification,the pot I00, however, comprising an integral one-piece outer metallicshell I02 having side webs I04, I06, I08 and H0 and a bottom plate H2(Figure 9) secured at its marginal edges to the lower edges of the sidewebs as by welding. The side webs it will be noted, slope inwardly,downwardly, and adjacent side webs are arranged at right angles to eachother and are connected to each other at their side edges and definefour sharp corners.

As in the previous modification, the interior of the shell is lined witha relatively thin coat of cohesive plastic refractory material H4(Figure 9), such as fire clay, and is additionally lined interiorlythereof with side slabs H6, H6 and a bottom slab I I8 of preformedpressed, predried refractory brick. The slab H8 is of square shape andis seated in the material lining the bottom plate H2, the slab H8 beingcentered in the shell so that the marginal edges thereof are spaced fromthe inner surfaces on the side webs, the space between the edges of theslab I I8 and the inner surfaces of the side webs being filled in withthe refractory material H4. The slabs I I6, H6 are of the same form asthe side slabs 28, 28 described in the previous modification and areseated at their lower edges on the interior surface of the bottom slabH8 as at I20, I20 (Figure 9) adjacent the marginal edges thereof and ontheir exterior sides seat against the material H4 lining the sides ofthe pot. The slabs H6, H6 are arrangedin interlocking relation to keepeach other from falling out of place, that is, each slab H 6 bears atone end against an interior surface of an adjacent slab H6 and at itsother end overlaps the edge of the other adjacent slab H0.

The slabs H6 protrude above the side webs of the shell, the top edges ofwhich are bent to form a bead I22 on which is molded as at I24, I24 aportion of the refractory material H4 extending material H4 and to bringthe slabs up to..re--

quired temperature. To facilitate drying the material H4 and prevententrapment of vapors between the outer shen and the brick slabs, theside webs are perforated as at I26, I26.

At opposite sides of the pot on the side webs; I06 and H0 thereof areprovided brackets I30,

I30 secured to said webs as by welding and affording a support for thepot on a suitable hand shank (not shown) for carrying and bailing thepot, as will be understood by those skilled'inlthe art.

The pot thus formed presents a plurality of sharp corners, any of whichmay be used in top pouring of molten metal.

To remove the lining, the pot is tipped upside down and is tapped by amallet or hammer on the sides and bottom, thus loosening the lining fromthe shell and permitting it to drop out.

The assembly of the lining in this pot is identical with that describedin connection with the first modification.

It is to be understood that I donot wish to be limited by the exactembodiments of the device shown which are merely by way of illustrationand not limitation as various and other forms of the device will, ofcourse, be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing fromthe spirit of the invention or the scope of the claim.

I claim:

A foundry pot comprising two mating side sections and a flat bottomsectionarranged to form a four-sided frusto-pyramidal shell, each sidesection comprising a pair of panels integrally united at one of theirvertical edges to each other to form two adjacent sides and an includedcorner of the pot, each panel having an outturnecl flange at its othervertical edge, the flanges of adjacent panels on the respective sidesections abutting against each other, bolts extending throughcomplementary openings in abutting flanges, wedge keys cooperating withsaid bolts to lock said side sections together, each panel having aninturned bottom projection at its lower edge, said bottom sectioncomprising a quadrilateral plate having a complementary fit within thebottom of said pot and seated on said' projections, said side sectionsforming two diagonally opposite corners of the pot at said abutment ofsaid flanges, trunnions extending from the other diagonally oppositecorners of the pot, each trunnion being joined to the adjacent sidesection at the juncture of the side panels thereof, a refractory liningcoated on the interior of said sections, a single slab of refractorymaterial at each side and at the bottom of the pot and adhered to saidlining, a spout comprising a cylindrical tube in one of thesecond-mentioned corners bonded to the adjacent slabs, said pot beingadapted to be rotated on the trunnions in one direction for pouringmolten metal from the pot through the spout and in the oppositedirection for pouring directly from the other of said. second-mentionedcorners, said side sections being readily separable upon disconnectingsaid bolts and keys and moving said side sections transversely of thepot, thereby breaking up said spout, each side section beingcoincidentally movable vertically relative to the other and adapted tobe broken away therefrom, the slabs covering substantially the fullareas of theside sections and serving to promote separation of therefractory in large segments from the side sections during saidmovements of said side sections. HAROLD WALLIS.

Bavier June 13, 1882 Treadwell June 11, 1907 Number Number Numb er NameDate Byram Aug. 24, 1915' Whiting Dec. 6, 1921 Astrom Feb. 1, 1927Carrington July 7, 1931 Cofiey Aug. 23, 1932 Goldberg Mar. 9, 1937Goldberg May 11, 1937 Goldberg et al Nov. 1, 1938 Nicholas Feb. 3, 1942Nielsen Aug. 25, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date France Dec. 18, 1929

